软件设计师英文题精选

乐宝宝 2021-02-07 AM 75℃ 0条

#### 词汇相关

```
a single objectives:一个目标
activity:活动
approach:方法
acceptable:可接受的
application:请求/应用
connected:连接
completed:完整的
controlled:受约束的
complexity:复杂度 
convenienet:方便的 
Coordinate：坐标
cooperate:合作
Coordinately:协调地
Communicate:沟通 通信
Dependently：依附
depend:依赖
designs:设计
existing:现存的  
estimates:估计
function:功能
foundation:基础
different objectives:不同目标  
optimized:优化
practical:实际的 
process:过程 
particular：特别的
implemented:实施
Independently:独立
independent objectives:独立的目标
integrate：整合
Integratedly:整体的
interoprate:访谈
virtualized:虚拟化
relatively:相对地 
replacement:替代品
resource:资源
real:真实的 
rules：规则
scale:规模 
size:尺寸 
switch:转换
substitute:代替
synonym:同义词
sequence:序列
structure:结构 
specifications:规格，规范
quality:质量
more than:不只是 
multiple objectives:多目标 
method:方式
loosely coupled:松耦合
loosely cohesion:松散凝聚力
High coupled:高耦合
Highly cohesion:高度凝聚力
```

#### 语句相关
```html
the scale and complexity of modem systems is such,and the demand for short schedules so great,that it is no longer practical for one person to do most engineering jobs.
但是对于大型复杂系统并且需要详细计划的项目由个人完成并不是实际的。
```
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and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the quality of the engineering.
团队工作的效率很大程度上决定了软件工程的质量。
```

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Eevent though they may have multiple specialties,all the members work toward a single objectives.
尽管每个人都有自己擅长的技术，但是大家是向着一个目标而努力的。
```

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A team is more than just a group of people who happen to work together.Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills.Teams require common processes;they need agreed-upon goals;and they need effective guidance and leadership.
项目团队不只是一群碰巧工作在一起的人，团队工作需要一群人互相配合，齐心协力向着一个目标奋斗，并且这群人也需要一个好的领导来带领他们。
```

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Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers (connected) through a real-time communication network such as the Internet.
云计算是一个用来描述各种计算概念的一个短语，计算概念涉及大量计算机通过实时通信的网络，如internet连接在一起
```

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In science,cloud computing is a (synonym) for distributed computing over a network,and the means the (ability) to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
在科学研究中，云计算是分布式网络计算的同义词，意味着有能力同时在多台互联网的计算机上运行一个程序或应用。
```

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The architecture of cloud is developed at three layers:infrastructure ,platform,and application.
云的结构分为3层：基础设置、平台和应用。
```

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The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources.
基础设施层由虚拟计算机存储和网络资源构成。
```

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The plateform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources.
平台层是具有通用性和复用性的软件资源的集合。
```

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You are developing a sever-side enterprise application.
您正在开发服务器端企业应用程序。
```

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It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers , mobile browsers and native mobile applications.
它必须支持各种不同的客户端，包括桌面浏览器、移动浏览器和本地移动应用程序。
```

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The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to customer. 
应用程序还可能向客户公开第三方的API。
```

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It might also [cooperate] with other applications via either web services or a message broker. 
它还可以通过web服务或消息代理与其他应用程序协作。
```

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The application handles requests（HTTP requests and messages）by executing business logic;accessing a database；exchanging messages with other systems;and returning a HTML /JSON/XML [response].
应用程序通过执行业务逻辑、访问数据库、与其他系统交换消息以及返回HTML/JSON/XML响应来处理请求（HTTP请求和消息）。
```

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There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.
不同的逻辑应用领域有相应的逻辑部件。
```

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What’s the application’s deployment architecture?Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of [loosely coupled],collaborating services. 
应用程序的部署架构是什么？定义一个体系结构，将应用程序结构为一组松散耦合的协作服务。
```

```html
This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is;Flighty maintainable and testable—enables rapid and frequent development and deployment.
此方法对应于缩放立方体的Y轴。每个服务都是可维护和可测试的，这使得快速和频繁的开发和部署成为可能。
```

```html
Loosely coupled with other services——enables a team to work independently（the majority of time on their services）without being imported by changes to other services and without affecting other services.
与其他服务松散耦合——使团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在他们的服务上），而不会被其他服务的更改所导入，也不会影响其他服务。
```

```html
[Independently] deployable——enable a team to deploy their services without having to coordinate with other teams.
可独立部署——使团队能够在不需要与其他团队协调的情况下部署其服务。
```

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Capable of being developed by a small team-essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.
能够由一个小团队开发，避免了大团队的高沟通负责人，从而提高了生产力。
```

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Services [communicate]  using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or a synchronous protocols such as AMQP. 
服务使用同步协议（如HTTP/REST）或同步协议（如AMQP）进行通信。
```

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A project is a temporary [sequence] of unique, complex, and connected activities having one goal or purpose and that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to [specifications].
项目是一系列独特的、复杂的、相互关联的活动，有一个目标或目的，必须在特定的时间内，在预算内，按照规定完成。
```

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Project management is the process of scoping, planning, staffing，organizing, directing, and controlling the development of a(n) [acceptable] system at a minimum cost within a specified time frame.
项目管理是在规定的时间范围内，以最低的成本确定、计划、人员配置、组织、指导和控制（n）可接受系统的开发的过程。
```

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For any systems development project, effective project management is necessary to ensure that the project meets the [deadline] , is developed within an acceptable budget, and fulfills customer expectations and specifications. Project management is a process that starts at the beginning of a project, extends through a project, and doesn’t culminate until the project is completed.
对于任何系统开发项目，有效的项目管理是必要的，以确保项目符合期限，在可接受的预算内开发，并满足客户的期望和规范。项目管理是一个从一个项目开始，延伸到整个项目，直到项目完成才达到高潮的过程。
```

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The prerequisite for good project management is a well-defined system development process. Process management is an ongoing activity that documents, manages the use of, and improves an organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”)for system development. Process management is concerned with the activities, deliverables, and quality standards to be applied to [all] project(s).
良好的项目管理的前提是一个明确的系统开发过程。过程管理是一项持续的活动，它记录、管理组织为系统开发选择的方法（过程）的使用和改进。过程管理涉及所有项目所需的活动、可交付成果和质量标准。
```

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The project workbook is not so much a separate document as it is a structure imposed on the documents that the project will be producing anyway.
All the documents of the project need to be part of this [structure]. This includes objectives ,external specifications , interface specifications , technical standards , internal specifications and administrative memoranda(备忘录).
与其说项目工作簿是一个单独的文档，不如说它是项目将要生成的文档的结构。
项目的所有文件都必须是这个[结构]的一部分。这包括目标、外部规范、接口规范、技术标准、内部规范和管理备忘录。
```

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Technical prose is almost immortal. If one examines the genealogy ( Ff ) of a customer manual for a piece of hardware or software , one can trace not only the ideas , but also many of the very sentences and paragraphs back to the first [memoranda] proposing the product or explaining the first design. For the technical writer, the paste-pot is as mighty as the pen.
技术散文几乎是不朽的。如果一个人检查一个硬件或软件的客户手册的谱系（Ff），不仅可以追溯到想法，而且可以追溯到许多句子和段落，可以追溯到最初提出产品或解释第一个设计的备忘录。对于技术作家来说，糊锅和笔一样强大。
```

```html
Since this is so, and since tomorrow's product-quality manuals will grow from today’s memos, it is very important to get the structure of the documentation right. The early design of the project [workbook] ensures that the documentation structure itself is crafted, not haphazard. Moreover, the establishment of a structure molds later writing into segments that fit into that structure.
既然如此，而且由于明天的产品质量手册将从今天的备忘录中发展而来，那么正确的文档结构是非常重要的。项目工作簿的早期设计确保文档结构本身是精心设计的，而不是随意的。此外，一个结构的建立会把以后的写作塑造成与该结构相适应的片段。
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The second reason for the project workbook is control of the distribution of [information]. The problem is not to restrict information, but to ensure that relevant information gets to all the people who need it.
项目工作手册的第二个原因是控制信息的分发。问题不在于限制信息，而在于确保所有需要信息的人都能得到相关信息。
```

```html
he first step is to number all memoranda, so that ordered lists of titles are available and h worker can see if he has what he wants. The organization of the workbook goes well beyond this to establish a [tree-structure] of memoranda. The tree-structure allows distribution lists to be maintained by subtree, if that is desirable.
他的第一步是对所有备忘录进行编号，这样就可以得到按顺序排列的标题列表，并且h工人可以看到他是否有他想要的东西。工作手册的组织远远不止于此，而是建立了备忘录的树状结构。树结构允许按子树维护通讯组列表（如果需要的话）。
```

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Observe that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron (顾客)may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual completion. An omelette (煎鸡蛋），promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choices—waits or eats it raw. Software customers have had (the same) choices.
观察一下编程人员，你可能会发现，同厨师一样，某项任务的计划进度，可能受限于顾客要求的紧迫程度，但紧迫程度无法控制实际的完成情况。就像约好在两分钟内完成一个煎蛋，看上去可能进行得非常好。但当它无法在两分钟内完成时，顾客只能选择等待或者生吃煎蛋。软件顾客的情况类似。
```

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Now I do not think software (managers) have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false (scheduling) to match the patron's desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very (difficult) to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers.
我现在并不认为软件经理内在的勇气和坚持不如厨师，或者不如其他工程经理。但为了满足顾客期望的日期而造成的不合理进度安排，在软件领域中却比其他的任何工程 领域要普遍得多。而且，非量化方法的采用，少得可怜的数据支持，加上完全借助软件经理的直觉，这样的方式很难生产出健壮可靠和规避风险的估计。
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Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, bug-incidence figures, estimating rules, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from (sharing) such data. Until estimating is on a sounder basis, individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.
显然我们需要两种解决方案。开发并推行生产率图表、缺陷率、估算规则等等，整个组织最终会从这些数据的共享上获益。或者在基于可靠基础的估算出现之前，项目经理需要挺直腰杆并坚持他们的估计，确信自己的经验和直觉总比从期望得出的估计要强得多。
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extreme programming (xp) is a discipline of software development with (values) of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. successful software development is a team effort - not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. xp is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to succeed together. xp is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. the principles of xp apply to any (moderately-sized) project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
极限编程（XP)是一种软件开发方法，其核心价值观是简单、沟通、反馈和勇气。 成功的软件开发是团队努力的结果—不仅仅指开发团队，而是包括了客户、管理人员和开发人员组成的更大团队。XP是一种将上述人员组织起来并帮助他们取得成功的简单的过程。XP主要针对一个十几人或更少程序员组成的、在同一个场所工作的面向对象的项目团队。XP原则适用于需要快速且灵活地交付髙质量软件的中等规模项目组。
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an xp project needs a(an) (full-time) customer to provide guidance. customers, programmers, managers, are all working (together) to build the system that’s needed. customers - those who have software that needs to be developed - will learn simple, effective ways to (communicate) what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.
一个XP项目组需要一个全程参与的客户给予指导。客户、程序员和项目经理协同工作来构建需要的软件系统。客户，也就是需要软件的人，将学到简单而有效的沟通方法，来确保获得他们所需要的，从而引导项目走向成功。
```

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再长的路，一步步也能走完；再短的路，不迈开双脚也无法到达。还在咬牙坚持的你，请不要泄气。你的日积月累，早晚会成为别人的望尘莫及。2020年03月27日 08:47:23
成就一番伟业的唯一途径就是热爱自己的事业。如果你还没能找到让自己热爱的事业，继续寻找，不要放弃。跟随自己的心，总有一天你会找到的。2020年01月08日 14:07:09
其实世界上没有那么多的如果，有时候，我们一瞬间失去的东西就是永恒。2019年12月30日 17:02:04
井蛙不知道大海，被空间维度所限制；夏虫不知道冬天，是被时间维度所限制；圈养的动物没有斗志，是被自己意识所限制。2019年12月20日 13:46:32
不管环境多么纵容你，都要对自己有要求，保持自律的气质。或许它暂时不能改变你的现状，但假以时日，它回馈的一定让你惊喜。对自己有要求的人，总不会过得太差。2019年12月13日 15:22:55
被拒的，不是年龄，是埋头苦干的时候，没有抬头看一看世界，没有继续学习，一直吃老本，有点像高速公路下岗的收费人员，再找工作，技术却不比别人强，但要求的薪资却比别人高，反倒是这个年龄，觉得自己年龄大，就应该高一些2019年12月12日 13:58:53
懂得越多，越发觉懂得越少。2019年12月11日 23:37:41

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